Additional compounds and the therapeutic potential of Cnidoscolus chayamansa (McVaugh) against hepatotoxicity induced by antitubercular drugs.

Previously non-isolated compounds (scopoletin and ß-D-Glucopyranoside, (1R)-O-isopropyl 6-O-(2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-ß-D-xylopyranosyl)-2,3,4-triacetate) were isolated from an organic extract of the Cnidoscolus chayamansa stem. Also, lupeol acetate (main compound, 49.7 mg/g of dry extract) and scopoletin (0.19 mg/g of dry extract) were quantified by HPLC analysis from this organic extract. The protective activity of the C. chayamansa organic extract against hepatotoxicity induced by antitubercular drugs [Rifampicin (50 mg/kg), Isoniazid (50 mg/kg), and Pyrazinamide (100 mg/kg)] are reported. The extract was tested at 200 and 400 mg/kg in Balb/C mice during 85 days, using silymarin (2.5 mg/kg) as positive control. Liver damage was determined using biochemical parameters (AST, ALT, ALP, CHOL, HDL TG, Urea, and CREA), histological analysis, and evaluation of oxidative stress (SOD, CAT, Gpx, Lpx and POx). The extract at both doses favored body weight gain with respect to the anti-TB group; the dose of 200 mg/kg was better. Also, the extract at both doses decreased the values of transaminases (AST, ALT) enzymes (p < 0.05) vs. anti-TB group. In oxidative stress parameters, the SOD value was decreased, as were the levels of peroxidation of lipids and oxidative protein in the group with C. chayamansa extract at 200 and 400 mg/kg vs. the anti-TB group. Histological analyses from liver showed the absence of steatosis in the extract group at 400 mg/kg, and moderate steatosis in the silymarin and extract (at 200 mg/kg) groups with respect to anti-TB group, which demonstrated a steatosis. It should be noted that during the study period, none of the treated mice died. In conclusion, the CHCl3: MeOH extract of C. chayamansa has a hepatoprotective effect against hepatotoxicity induced by anti-TB drugs.

Hepatoprotective and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of the Cnidoscolus chayamansa (Mc Vaugh) Leaf Extract in Chronic Models.

Previous report described that CHCl3:MeOH extract of C. chayamansa leaves and pure compounds (moretenol, moretenyl acetate, kaempferol-3,7-dimethyl ether, and 5-hydroxy-7-3',4'-trimethoxyflavanone) showed important topical and systemic anti-inflammatory activity in acute model, as well as in vitro antimycobacterial and antiprotozoal activities. In this paper, we describe the in vivo hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of the CHCl3:MeOH extract in chronic model and the isolation of additional compounds (moretenone and lupeol acetate). The hepatoprotective activity was determined at 39 days using Balb/c mice with liver damage induced with an antitubercular drug (RIF/INH/PZA). The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated in a chronic model induced with CFA and in two acute models (TPA and carrageenan). In addition, moretenone and lupeol acetate were isolated and identified by spectroscopic data. Lupeol acetate is a main compound present in fractions 14-42, and this fraction was the majority fraction from the extract; from this moretenone was obtained. In animals with liver damage, the extract at 200 and 400 mg/kg induced better body weight gain with respect to positive control (Silymarin); in addition, the mice that received the extract at 200 mg/kg and Silymarin exhibited slight steatosis; however, the animals' livers at 400 mg/kg did not show steatosis. The extract and fractions 14-42 showed a good anti-inflammatory activity by TPA model (DE50 = 1.58 and 1.48 mg/ear) and by carrageenan model (DE50 = 351.53 and 50.11 mg/kg). In the chronic inflammatory test, the extract at three doses revealed a similar effect to that of phenylbutazone, although the body weight gain was better in animals that received the extract at 900 mg/kg. Conclusion. The CHCl3:MeOH extract showed significant anti-inflammatory and good hepatoprotective effect on chronic models. The fraction containing moretenone and lupeol acetate as main compounds was more active than extract in both acute models of inflammation.

Hepatoprotective properties of oleanolic and ursolic acids in antitubercular drug-induced liver damage.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate to what extent the mixture of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid, in addition to the antitubercular standard regime, affects the hepatotoxicity profile. METHODS: Liver injury was induced in male BALB/c mice by administering, per os and daily for 11 weeks, a combination of anti-Tubercular (anti-TB) agents Rifampicin (10 mg/kg), Isoniazid (10 mg/kg), and Pyrazinamide (30 mg/kg). The ursolic acid and oleanolic acid mixture at doses of 100 or 200 µg/mouse/day was subcutaneously injected throughout the entire study period (11 weeks). Biochemical and hematological analysis was supplemented by liver histological examination. RESULTS: Animals treated with the mixture of triterpenic acids exhibited significantly decreased aspartate transaminase and alanine aminotransferase levels and amelioration of the histopathological alterations produced by the anti-TB drugs. CONCLUSIONS: The triterpene mixture was able to prevent the steatosis induced by the anti-TB drugs.

[ALK-1 positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma of the lung. Report of a pediatric case]. / Linfoma anaplásico de células grandes ALK-1 positivo, primario de pulmón. Informe de un caso pediátrico.

Ki-1 anaplastic large cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma is a well recognized clinical entity. The main clinical feature includes lymphadenopathy with mediastinal sparing. In the extranodal disease, which occurs in approximately half of the cases, the skin is the most common site; bone marrow, lung and central nervous system are generally not involved. Anaplastic large cell lymphoma is more common among young people, in whom the prognosis is more favorable. Primary anaplastic large cell lymphoma of the lung is a rare clinical entity. Its clinical expression is similar to a high grade malignant lymphoma, and in most cases the diagnosis is made in advanced stages. We present a pediatric case with ALK-1 positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma of the lung.

Linfoma anaplásico de células grandes ALK-1 positivo, primario de pulmón: Informe de un caso pediátrico / ALK-1 positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma of the lung: Report of a pediatric case

El linfoma no Hodgkin anaplásico de células grandes, positivo al antígeno Ki-1, es una entidad bien reconocida. La característica clínica usual es la linfadenopatía con extensión mediastinal y en la enfermedad extranodal, que ocurre en la mitad de los casos, es la piel el sitio más común, con afección poco frecuente a médula ósea, pulmón y sistema nervioso. La mayor frecuencia de presentación del linfoma anaplásico de células grandes es en la población joven, con pronóstico más favora ble que en la población adulta. El linfoma anaplásico de células grandes primario de pulmón es una entidad clínica rara. Su comportamiento clínico corresponde a un linfoma de alto grado y en la mayoría de los casos se presentan al diagnóstico como una enfermedad en estadio avanzado. Se informa un caso pediátrico de linfoma anaplásico de células grandes primario de pulmón, ALK 1 positivo, que es un marcador pronóstico y específico de esta entidad.

Ki 1 anaplastic large cell non Hodgkin lymphoma is a well recognized clinical entity. The main clinical feature includes lymphadenopathy with mediastinal sparing. In the extranodal disease, which occurs in approximately half of the cases, the skin is the most common site; bone marrow, lung and central nervous system are generally not involved. Anaplastic large cell lymphoma is more common among young people, in whom the prognosis is more favorable. Primary anaplastic large cell lymphoma of the lung is a rare clinical entity. Its clinical expression is similar to a high grade malignant lymphoma, and in most cases the diagnosis is made in advanced stages. We present a pediatric case with ALK1 positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma of the lung.

Estimulación temprana de desarrollo fibrovascular en implantes orbitarios / Early stimulation for fibrovascular development in orbital implants

Los implantes biointegrables son los más usados actualmente, a pesar de numerosas modificaciones en la técnica quirúrgica, no se ha logrado colocar al implante y al tornillo en un solo tiempo quirúrgico sin aumentar el riesgo de extrusión. El objetivo del presente trabajo es brindar un medio adecuado mediante la aplicación de diferentes substancias, para estimular y completar en un mínimo de tiempo el desarrollo fibrovascular dentro de los implantes. Se estudiaron cinco conejos a los cuales se les aplicó heparina, colágena y la combinación de ambas. Mediante estudio ultrasonográfico de doppler color se trató de evidenciar el grado de crecimiento fibrovascular. Lo anterior se comprobó mediante estudio histopatológico. Los implantes con heparina mostraron mayor desarrollo de tejido fibrovascular, aunque esto no fue significativo, pensamos que el modular el proceso angiogénico probablemente con factores específicos permitirán en un futuro colocar al implante y tornillo en un solo tiempo quirúrgico